Novel findings of the functional and mechanistic roles of DNA G-quadruplexes in skeletal muscle stem cells
Prof. Huating Wang and Dr. Xiaona Chen’s team recently published exciting research in Genome Biology, exploring the functional and mechanistic roles of DNA G-quadruplexes (G4s) in adult skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs).
MuSCs are critical for muscle regeneration, with their functions tightly orchestrated by both intrinsic and extrinsic regulatory networks. G4 structures, which arise from guanine-rich sequences folding into non-canonical secondary motifs, are increasingly recognized as versatile regulators of gene expression. However, their roles in MuSC lineage progression remain underexplored.
Leveraging high throughput G4 CUT&RUN-seq, the authors generate genome-wide maps of G4 occupancy across different stages of MuSC lineage progression and reveal dynamic G4 formation, with a pronounced induction when MuSCs become activated and proliferating. Further analyses demonstrate that this G4 induction promotes MuSC activation thus the regeneration process. Mechanistically, promoter-associated G4s regulate gene transcription by facilitating chromatin looping. Furthermore, G4 sites are enriched for transcription factor (TF) binding events in activated MuSCs; MAX binds to G4 structures to synergistically facilitate chromatin looping and gene transcription, thereby promoting MuSC activation and regeneration. The uncovered global regulatory functions and mechanisms by G4s are further dissected using the Ccne1 promoter as a paradigm, demonstrating that Ccne1 is a bona fide G4/MAX regulatory target in activated MuSCs.
Dr. Xiaona Chen, Dr. Feng Yang, and Dr. Suyang Zhang are co-first authors of the paper. Dr. Xiaona Chen, Prof. Hao Sun and Prof. Huating Wang are co-corresponding authors of the paper. The link of this paper is as follows https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-025-03753-w.
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